Question & Answer

The inventory of 3T Company on December 31, 2014, consists of the following items. Part No. Quantity Cost per Unit Cost to Replace per Unit 110 600 $ 90 $100 111 1,000 60 52 112 500 80 76 113 200 170 180 120 400 205 208 121a 1,600 16 14 122 300 240 235 aPart No. 121 is obsolete and has a realizable value of $0.20 each as scrap. Instructions (a) Determine the inventory as of December 31, 2014, by the lower-of-cost-or-market method, applying this method directly to each item. (b) Determine the inventory by the lower-of-cost-or-market method, applying the method to the total of the inventory.

Fields Laboratories holds a valuable patent (No. 758-6002-1A) on a precipitator that prevents certain types of air pollution. Fields does not manufacture or sell the products and processes it develops. Instead, it conducts research and develops products and processes which it patents, and then assigns the patents to manufacturers on a royalty basis. Occasionally it sells a patent. The history of Fields patent number 758-6002-1A is as follows. Date Activity Cost 2005–2006 Research conducted to develop precipitator $384,000 Jan. 2007 Design and construction of a prototype 87,600 March 2007 Testing of models 42,000 Jan. 2008 Fees paid engineers and lawyers to prepare patent application; patent granted June 30, 2008 59,500 Nov. 2009 Engineering activity necessary to advance the design of the precipitator to the manufacturing stage 81,500 Dec. 2010 Legal fees paid to successfully defend precipitator patent 42,000 April 2011 Research aimed at modifying the design of the patented precipitator 43,000 July 2015 Legal fees paid in unsuccessful patent infringement suit against a competitor 34,000 Fields assumed a useful life of 17 years when it received the initial precipitator patent. On January 1, 2013, it revised its useful life estimate downward to 5 remaining years. Amortization is computed for a full year if the cost is incurred prior to July 1, and no amortization for the year if the cost is incurred after June 30. The company’s year ends December 31. Instructions Compute the carrying value of patent No. 758-6002-1A on each of the following dates: (a) December 31, 2008. (b) December 31, 2012. (c) December 31, 2015.

Define an organizational ecosystem and show how the general and task environments affect an organization’s ability to thrive.

Is a current-year net operating loss of a C corporation available to offset income from the corporation in other years? Explain.

On June 30, 2014, Mischa Auer Company issued $4,000,000 face value of 13%, 20-year bonds at $4,300,920, a yield of 12%. Auer uses the effective-interest method to amortize bond premium or discount. The bonds pay semiannual interest on June 30 and December 31. Instructions (Round answers to the nearest cent.) (a) Prepare the journal entries to record the following transactions. (1) The issuance of the bonds on June 30, 2014. (2) The payment of interest and the amortization of the premium on December 31, 2014. (3) The payment of interest and the amortization of the premium on June 30, 2015. (4) The payment of interest and the amortization of the premium on December 31, 2015. (b) Show the proper balance sheet presentation for the liability for bonds payable on the December 31, 2015, balance sheet. (c) Provide the answers to the following questions. (1) What amount of interest expense is reported for 2015? (2) Will the bond interest expense reported in 2015 be the same as, greater than, or less than the amount that would be reported if the straight-line method of amortization were used? (3) Determine the total cost of borrowing over the life of the bond. (4) Will the total bond interest expense for the life of the bond be greater than, the same as, or less than the total interest expense if the straight-line method of amortization were used?

Describe the consequences for failure to file a tax return and late payment of taxes owed.

Dean Kastner is 78 years old and lives by himself in an apartment in Chicago. Dean’s gross income for the year is $2,500. Dean’s support is provided as follows: himself (5 percent), his daughters Camille (25 percent) and Rachel (30 percent), his son Zander (5 percent), his friend Frankie (15 percent), and his niece Sharon (20 percent).    a. Absent a multiple support agreement, of the parties mentioned in the problem, who may claim Dean as a dependent?

Luke sold a building and the land on which the building sits to his wholly owned corporation, Studemont Corp., at fair market value. The fair market value of the building was determined to be $325,000; Luke built the building several years ago at a cost of $200,000. Luke had claimed $45,000 of depreciation on the building. The fair market value of the land was determined to be $210,000 at the time of the sale; Luke purchased the land many years ago for $130,000.      a. What are the amount and character of Luke’s recognized gain or loss on the building?  b. What are the amount and character of Luke’s recognized gain or loss on the land?

1.    : A survey found that 69 percent of MBA students view maximizing shareholder value as the primary responsibility of a company. The Business Roundtable’s new Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation said that five major stakeholders should receive equal attention. With which view do you agree? Why?

On April 1, 2014, Gloria Estefan Company received a condemnation award of $430,000 cash as compensation for the forced sale of the company’s land and building, which stood in the path of a new state highway. The land and building cost $60,000 and $280,000, respectively, when they were acquired. At April 1, 2014, the accumulated depreciation relating to the building amounted to $160,000. On August 1, 2014, Estafan purchased a piece of replacement property for cash. The new land cost $90,000, and the new building cost $400,000. Instructions Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions on April 1 and August 1, 2014.

Why is the heat transfer factor in arc-welding processes that utilize consumable electrodes greater than in those that use nonconsumable electrodes?

Hatch Company has two classes of capital stock outstanding: 8%, $20 par preferred and $5 par common. At December 31, 2014, the following accounts were included in stockholders’ equity. Preferred Stock, 150,000 shares $ 3,000,000 Common Stock, 2,000,000 shares 10,000,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock 200,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Common Stock 27,000,000 Retained Earnings 4,500,000 The following transactions affected stockholders’ equity during 2015. Jan. 1 30,000 shares of preferredstock issued at $22 per share. Feb. 1 50,000 shares of common stock issued at $20 per share. June 1 2-for-1 stock split (par value reduced to $2.50).July 1 30,000 shares of common treasury stock purchased at $10 per share. Hatch uses the cost method.Sept. 15 10,000 shares of treasury stock reissuedat $11 per share. Dec. 31 The preferred dividend is declared, and a common dividend of 50¢ per share is declared. Dec. 31 Net income is $2,100,000. Instructions Prepare the stockholders’ equity section for Hatch Company at December 31, 2015. Show all supporting computations.

Imagine that you won millions of pounds on the National Lottery. Would your ‘economic problem’ be solved?

Courtney recently received a speeding ticket on her way to the university.  Her fine was $200.  Is this considered a tax?  Why or why not?

How do corporations account for capital gains and losses for tax purposes?  How is this different from the way individuals account for capital gains and losses?

What are the benefits of peer-to-peer lending over bank lending, and how does it operate? (LO4)

Describe some of the financial technologies that banks have incorporated into their daily operations. (LO4)

How could long-term monetary growth come about if the government persistently ran a public-sector surplus?

A leadscrew connected directly to a DC servomotor is the drive system for a positioning table. The leadscrew pitch = 4 mm. The optical encoder attached to the leadscrew emits 250 pulses/rev of the leadscrew. Determine (a) the control resolution of the system, expressed in linear travel distance of the table axis, (b) the frequency of the pulse train emitted by the optical encoder when the servomotor operates at 14 rev/s, and (c) the travel speed of the table at the operating speed of the motor.

Can a partnership have unrealized receivables if it has no accounts receivable?

Many business organizations have been concerned with providing for the retirement of employees since the late 1800s. During recent decades, a marked increase in this concern has resulted in the establishment of private pension plans in most large companies and in many medium- and small-sized ones. The substantial growth of these plans, both in numbers of employees covered and in amounts of retirement benefits, has increased the significance of pension costs in relation to the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of many companies. In examining the costs of pension plans, a CPA encounters certain terms. The components of pension costs that the terms represent must be dealt with appropriately if generally accepted accounting principles are to be reflected in the financial statements of entities with pension plans. Instructions (a) Define a private pension plan. How does a contributory pension plan differ from a noncontributory plan? (b) Differentiate between “accounting for the employer” and “accounting for the pension fund.” (c) Explain the terms “funded” and “pension liability” as they relate to: (1) The pension fund. (2) The employer. (d) (1) Discuss the theoretical justification for accrual recognition of pension costs. (2) Discuss the relative objectivity of the measurement process of accrual versus cash (pay-as-you-go) accounting for annual pension costs. (e) Distinguish among the following as they relate to pension plans. (1) Service cost. (2) Prior service costs. (3) Vested benefits.

Ogala Corporation purchased a significant amount of raw materials inventory for a new product that it is manufacturing. Ogala uses the lower-of-cost-or-market rule for these raw materials. The replacement cost of the raw materials is above the net realizable value, and both are below the original cost. Ogala uses the average-cost inventory method for these raw materials. In the last 2 years, each purchase has been at a lower price than the previous purchase, and the ending inventory quantity for each period has been higher than the beginning inventory quantity for that period. Instructions (a) (1) At which amount should Ogala’s raw materials inventory be reported on the balance sheet? Why? (2) In general, why is the lower-of-cost-or-market rule used to report inventory? (b) What would have been the effect on ending inventory and cost of goods sold had Ogala used the LIFO inventory method instead of the average-cost inventory method for the raw materials? Why?

What is meant by the term interface in the context of composite materials?

Instructions Go to the book’s companion website and use information found there to answer the following questions related to The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, Inc. (a) Which company had the greater percentage increase in total assets from 2010 to 2011? (b) Using the Selected Financial Data section of these two companies, determine their 5-year average growth rates related to net sales and income from continuing operations. (c) Which company had more depreciation and amortization expense for 2011? Provide a rationale as to why there is a difference in these amounts between the two companies.

According to rational choice theory, the money you’ve already spent – known as ‘sunk costs’ (see page 161) – should be excluded from decision making. However, there is considerable evidence that it does affect consumer behaviour. Using loss aversion, can you explain why this might be the case.