Gh Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Immune system.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsGametogenesis and Mutations 1. Which process ensures genetic diversity during meiosis in human gametogenesis? ● a) DNA methylation ● b) Crossing over during prophase I ● c) Non-homologous end joining ● d) Base excision repair

Embryology (Checklist).Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsgametogenesis LH ● ● ● Meiosis I completion Secondary oocyte + first polar body Stimulate testosterone production in Leydig cells ● Stimulate follicle for IVF

Embryological development- practical.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions

Case11_mindmap-heart_development (1)Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions

Case 11 - heart development Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsThe cardiogenic mesoderm is developing within the splanchnic mesoderm. This cardiogenic are develops in low Wnt gradient. Because of the high concentration of Wnt in the caudal and medial areas, the cardiogenic mesoderm develops in a cranio-lateral position.

Case 10- Sex development.. Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsPrimary sex determination  In primary sex determination the gonads are formed - the testes in males & the ovaries in females • Primary sex determination starts with the migration of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) - migration from yolk sac -> genital ridge (site of intermediate mesoderm) ! In the beginning, the gonad development is the same for males

Case 10 - sex differentiation Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsex differentiation begins when there is a migration of the primordial germ cells from the yolk sac along the developing gut to the genital ridge where the gonads develop. This genital ridge will then influence the further maturation of the primordial germ cells

Case 9_ Limb development and Apoptosis Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions

Case 8 - gut development Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsThe gut development starts at day 20 (week 3) when the embryo starts folding and lasts until even week 12.

Case 6 Monogenic diseases.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsLearning goals 1. Explain laminopathies and the different kinds and how they are characterized a. Explain their causes and similarities 2. What are cytogenetic techniques for detection of monogenic diseases? 3. What are the genetic techniques for detection of monogenic diseases? 4. Which techniques are best used for the detection of laminopathies? 5. Explain inheritance of mutations 6. What are nuclear

Case 5 - Implantation, gastrulation, and neurulation Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutionsa. PREPARATION FOR IMPLANTATION = for implantation to occur, there needs to be a high degree of preparation and coordination between the blastocyst and the endometrium.

Case 3 Cell differentiation.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions.Learning goals 1. How is transcription and translation regulated? 2. What is epigenetics? - DNA methylation - Histone modification 3. What are post-mitotic mutations? - How may they falsify results in early blastomere analysis? 4. How is protein production regulated? - Phosphorylation - Degradation 5. How do these processes work in a fruit fly?

Case 2 Fertilization and development.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions.Learning goals 1. How does fertilization takes place? 2. What kinds of artificial fertilization methods are there? 3. Embryonic development in the first week a. Cleavage b. Phases c. Differentiation of stem cells 4. Explain the different PGT methods a. What and when b. PGT-A ethical implications

Case 1 Gametogenesis.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions.Learning goals 1) Describe transcription and translation processes a) From DNA to RNA to protein 2) Describe different kinds of mutations 3) What is the repair system? 4) Describe the cell cycle a) Meiosis and Mitosis b) Influence of age and gender c) Gametogenesis

BBS1005_Case 9_Limb Development and Apoptosis.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions1. Limb development a. axis proximal distal (shoulder finger) b. axis anterior posterior = ventral dorsal (not too much focus) (front - back ) c. axis cranial caudal (up - down) —> for the hands : from thumb to pinky d. spatial temporal axis (time —> how patterns change with time)

BBS1005_Case 7_Fetus recognition by maternal immune system.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions.1. How does the maternal immune system prevent rejection of the fetus? (Regulatory T cells, APC’s, Histocompatibility, CD80, perforins, IL10, natural killer cells, HLA, receptors, ACD56 ?, macrophages, antigens, allogenic, barriers) The immune system of the mother is non-responsive towards the semi-allogeneic fetus. Semiallogenic means that Half of fetus’s HLA genes come from the father, so the fetus

11. Heart Development.Exam Graded A+ with Updated 100% solutions.- How does the heart develop ? 2- What heart malformations can happen before and after birth ? Look into TOF 3- How does the heart adapt outside the mother’s body ? Adaption 4- What are the genetic factors affect the heart malformations ?

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