Question & Answer

The following are selected transactions that may affect stockholders’ equity. 1. Recorded accrued interest earned on a note receivable. 2. Declared a cash dividend. 3. Declared and distributed a stock split. 4. Approved a retained earnings restriction. 5. Recorded the expiration of insurance coverage that was previously recorded as prepaid insurance. 6. Paid the cash dividend declared in item 2 above. 7. Recorded accrued interest expense on a note payable. 8. Declared a stock dividend. 9. Distributed the stock dividend declared in item 8. Instructions In the following table, indicate the effect each of the nine transactions has on the financial statement elements listed. Use the following code: I 5 Increase, D 5 Decrease, NE 5 No effect.

The following letter was sent to the SEC and the FASB by leaders of the business community. Dear Sirs: The FASB has been struggling with accounting for derivatives and hedging for many years. The FASB has now developed, over the last few weeks, a new approach that it proposes to adopt as a final standard. We understand that the Board intends to adopt this new approach as a final standard without exposing it for public comment and debate, despite the evident complexity of the new approach, the speed with which it has been developed and the significant changes to the exposure draft since it was released more than one year ago. Instead, the Board plans to allow only a brief review by selected parties, limited to issues of operationality and clarity, and would exclude questions as to the merits of the proposed approach. As the FASB itself has said throughout this process, its mission does not permit it to consider matters that go beyond accounting and reporting considerations. Accordingly, the FASB may not have adequately considered the wide range of concerns that have been expressed about the derivatives and hedging proposal, including concerns related to the potential impact on the capital markets, the weakening of companies’ ability to manage risk, and the adverse control implications of implementing costly and complex new rules imposed at the same time as other major initiatives, including the Year 2000 issues and a single European currency. We believe that these crucial issues must be considered, if not by the FASB, then by the Securities and Exchange Commission, other regulatory agencies, or Congress. We believe it is essential that the FASB solicit all comments in order to identify and address all material issues that may exist before issuing a final standard. We understand the desire to bring this process to a prompt conclusion, but the underlying issues are so important to this nation’s businesses, the customers they serve and the economy as a whole that expediency cannot be the dominant consideration. As a result, we urge the FASB to expose its new proposal for public comment, following the established due process procedures that are essential to acceptance of its standards, and providing sufficient time to affected parties to understand and assess the new approach. We also urge the SEC to study the comments received in order to assess the impact that these proposed rules may have on the capital markets, on companies’ risk management practices, and on management and financial controls. These vital public policy matters deserve consideration as part of the Commission’s oversight responsibilities. We believe that these steps are essential if the FASB is to produce the best possible accounting standard while minimizing adverse economic effects and maintaining the competitiveness of U.S. businesses in nthe international marketplace. Very truly yours, (This letter was signed by the chairs of 22 of the largest U.S. companies.) Instructions Answer the following questions. (a) Explain the “due process” procedures followed by the FASB in developing a financial reporting standard. (b) What is meant by the term “economic consequences” in accounting standard-setting? (c) What economic consequences arguments are used in this letter? (d) What do you believe is the main point of the letter? (e) Why do you believe a copy of this letter was sent by the business community to influential members of the U.S. Congress?

The following facts relate to Krung Thep Corporation. 1. Deferred tax liability, January 1, 2014, $40,000. 2. Deferred tax asset, January 1, 2014, $0. 3. Taxable income for 2014, $95,000. 4. Pretax financial income for 2014, $200,000. 5. Cumulative temporary difference at December 31, 2014, giving rise to future taxable amounts, $240,000. 6. Cumulative temporary difference at December 31, 2014, giving rise to future deductible amounts, $35,000. 7. Tax rate for all years, 40%. 8. The company is expected to operate profitably in the future. Instructions (a) Compute income taxes payable for 2014. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2014. (c) Prepare the income tax expense section of the income statement for 2014, beginning with the line “Income before income taxes.”

Latoya filed her tax return on February 10th this year.  When will the statute of limitations expire for this tax return?

{Research} Gramps purchased a joint survivor annuity that pays $500 monthly over his remaining life and that of his wife, Gram.  Gramps is 70 years old and Gram is 65 years old.  Gramps paid $97,020 for the contract.  How much income will Gramps recognize on the first payment?

Compare and contrast the cost and percentage depletion methods for recovering the costs of natural resources. What are the similarities and differences between the two methods?

Supply Explain how the ample reserves framework that the Fed currently uses has a different impact on the money supply than the open market operations that the Fed used prior to the credit crisis. (LO2)

Discuss the different methods that an organisation can use to determine standard costs.

Wynn Company offers a set of building blocks to customers who send in 3 UPC codes from Wynn cereal, along with 50¢. The block sets cost Wynn $1.10 each to purchase and 60¢ each to mail to customers. During 2014, Wynn sold 1,200,000 boxes of cereal. The company expects 30% of the UPC codes to be sent in. During 2014, 120,000 UPC codes were redeemed. Prepare Wynn’s December 31, 2014, adjusting entry.

Copolymers can possess four different arrangements of their constituent mers. Name and briefly describe the four arrangements.

Cost driver selection For each of the following activities undertaken to bake pastries and cakes, identify a suitable cost driver to allocate costs. (a)          Mixing ingredients (b)          Baking pastries and cakes (c)           Decorating cakes (d)          Packing pastries and cakes on trays (e)           Sales (f)           Dispatch to customers

Besides high carbon content, what other alloying element is characteristic of the cast irons?

Identify some of the general principles and guidelines for design for assembly.

A company produces a certain part whose most important dimension is 37.50 ±0.025 in. If the tolerance is exceeded, the customer will return the part to the manufacturer at a cost of $200 in rework and replacement expenses. (a) Determine the constant k in the Taguchi loss function, Eq. (42.13). (b) The company can add a finish grinding operation that will allow the tolerance to be reduced to ±0.010 in. Using the loss function from part (a) what is the value of the loss associated with this new tolerance?

What were some of the more obvious reasons for the savings institution crisis of the late 1980s? (LO6)

Explain the adverse selection and moral hazard problems in insurance. Gorton Insurance Company wants to properly price its auto insurance, which protects against losses due to auto accidents. If Gorton wants to avoid the adverse selection and moral hazard problems, should it assess the behavior of insured people, uninsured people, or both groups? Explain. (LO1)

Consider situations where you might consider swapping items with someone. Why are such situations relatively rare? Can you think of circumstances in which this might be more common?

ROI; transfer prices; taxes; employee motivation Fowler Electronics produces colour plasma screens in its Bien Hoa plant in Vietnam. The screens are then shipped to the entity’s plant in Sturt, South Australia, where they are incorporated into finished televisions. Although the Bien Hoa plant never sells plasma screens to any other assembler, the market for them is competitive. The market price is $750 per screen.   Variable costs to manufacture the screens are $350. Fixed costs at the Windsor plant are $2 000 000 per period. The plant typically manufactures and ships 10 000 screens per period to the Sturt plant. Taxes in Vietnam amount to 30 per cent, of pre-tax income. The Windsor plant has total assets of $20 000 000.   The Sturt plant incurs variable costs to complete the televisions of $110 per set (in addition to the cost of the screens). The Sturt plant’s fixed costs amount to $4 000 000 per period. The 10 000 sets produced each period are sold for an average of $2500 each. For Sturt, the tax rate is 45 per cent of pre-tax income. The Sturt plant has total assets of $30 000 000.   Required (a)        Determine the return on investment for each plant if the screens are transferred at variable cost. (b)        Determine the return on investment for each plant if the screens are transferred at market price. (c)        To reduce taxes, will Fowler prefer a transfer price based on cost or market price? Explain. (d)        Will the top managers in each plant prefer to use cost or market price as the transfer price? Explain. (e)        How would you resolve potential conflict over the transfer price policy?

1. Do poor people gain more from a cut in income tax with an elastic or an inelastic supply of labour? Is the supply of unskilled workers likely to be elastic or inelastic? 2. Draw two diagrams like Figure 11.13, one with a steep demand curve and one with a shallow demand curve. How does the elasticity of demand affect the incidence of the income tax?

Carow Corporation purchased, as a held-for-collection investment, $60,000 of the 8%, 5-year bonds of Harrison, Inc. for $65,118, which provides a 6% return. The bonds pay interest semiannually. Prepare Carow’s journal entries for (a) the purchase of the investment, and (b) the receipt of semiannual interest and premium amortization.

In the screening of powders for sizing, what is meant by the term mesh count?

Cost function using regression; scatter plots; three potential cost drivers Laura Mills is the controller of Peer Jets International, a manufacturer of small corporate jets. She has undertaken a project to study the behaviour of overhead cost. She has assembled factory overhead data for the last 30 months from the company’s manufacturing facility. Laura has asked you to develop a model to predict the level of manufacturing overhead.   Required (a)          Create a scatter plot of manufacturing overhead for each of the potential cost drivers. (b)          Would you eliminate any of the potential cost drivers based on the scatter plots? Why? (c)           Explain why you create a scatter plot of the data before you perform regression analysis. (d)          To practice your regression analysis skills, perform a simple regression analysis of manufacturing overhead for each of the three potential cost drivers. Write the cost function from each regression. (e)           Based on the simple regression results, which cost driver does the best job of explaining manufacturing overhead costs? Explain. (f)           Do your regression results support your answer to part (b)? Explain.

How does a corporation’s decision to pay dividends affect its overall tax rate?

1.       : How might understanding whether an employee is high or low on grit help a manager better communicate with and motivate the employee?

Why will the short-run consumption function be different from the long-run consumption function?