The main cause of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine stems from a combination of historical, political, and territorial issues. Key factors include:

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  Historical Ties: Ukraine and Russia share deep historical connections, but Ukraine's desire for sovereignty and independence has often clashed with Russia's perception of its influence over the region.

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  2014 Euromaidan Protests: The conflict intensified after Ukraine's 2014 protests against the pro-Russian government of President Viktor Yanukovych, which led to his ousting. This shift towards a pro-European stance angered Russia.

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  Annexation of Crimea: Following Yanukovych's removal, Russia annexed Crimea in March 2014, citing the need to protect Russian-speaking populations and national security. This action was widely condemned by Ukraine and the international community.

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  Conflict in Eastern Ukraine: After the annexation, pro-Russian separatists in Eastern Ukraine declared independence, leading to ongoing military conflict in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Russia has been accused of providing support to these separatists.

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  Geopolitical Factors: The conflict is also influenced by broader geopolitical dynamics, including NATO's expansion eastward and Ukraine's aspirations to join Western institutions, which Russia views as a threat to its sphere of influence.

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These factors combined have resulted in a complex and ongoing conflict that continues to evolve.